So yes you can use liquid nails type adhesives but you will be better off with their general construction adhesive than the milder stuff designed for polystyrene.
How to glue silicone foam mat.
Since you are working with foam mats you can slice into the foam to give more contact area for the adhesive.
It is fairly easy to obtain at hardware or big box home improvement stores.
People like permabond and loctite can do them.
To glue silicone rubber to metal.
Spray a solvent based activator accelerator aa on either the silicone rubber or metal.
Synthetic foam and silicone are good partners.
Liberally apply adhesive coating both pieces and allow about 10 seconds for the glue to become tacky.
Warm the polypropylene surface with a hair dryer or heat gun.
Applying glue to a small piece of foam place the two pieces of cushion foam that need to be glued on top of each other with the sides to be adhered facing outward as shown to the lower left.
Silicone glue works best on silicone rubber.
Rough the silicone rubber and the metal with a low grit coarse sand paper.
Saturate the silicone rubber surface with an adhesion promoter designed to work with poly s.
Silicone can be glued but you often need a special surface activator chemical to prepare the silicone and the substrate to be bonded.